Anime, also known as Japanimation, encompasses hand-drawn and computer-generated animations originating from Japan. The term "anime" is derived from the English word "animation," and within Japan, it broadly refers to all animated media. Outside Japan, however, "anime" specifically denotes animation produced in Japan or a Japanese-influenced style characterized by vivid graphics, expressive characters, and fantastical themes. This broader, culturally nuanced understanding allows for the possibility of anime created outside Japan, often inspired by Japanese aesthetic and storytelling principles. The history of Japanese animation dates back to 1917 with some of the earliest commercial works. A distinctive art style resonated in the 1960s through the pioneering efforts of Osamu Tezuka, which gained widespread popularity by the latter half of the 20th century, cultivating large audiences both domestically and internationally. Anime is distributed through various channels, including theatrical screenings, television broadcasts, direct-to-home media, and online streaming. In addition to original creations, many anime series and films are adaptations of manga (Japanese comics), light novels, or video games. Over time, production techniques have evolved alongside technological advancements, incorporating innovative methods and tools. As a multimedia art form, anime blends graphic arts, storytelling, cinematography, and other creative elements to craft immersive visual experiences. Anime production often emphasizes the authenticity of settings and cinematic effects—such as panning, zooming, and angled shots—over the fluidity of character movement. The art styles are diverse, with character designs ranging from exaggerated, large, expressive eyes to more realistic representations. The genre classification in anime is extensive, catering to both mainstream and niche audiences with a wide array of themes and storytelling styles. In the context of fandom in the United States, terms like "wapanese" have emerged to describe White individuals who have a strong desire to emulate Japanese culture or aesthetics. Another term, "weeaboo," is used to refer to those exhibiting an intense obsession with Japanese anime and related cultural elements.
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